Lore: In 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested in Phoenix, Arizona, on suspicion of kidnapping and rape, after which he underwent an intense two-hour interrogation. During the questioning, police failed to inform Miranda of his constitutional rights to remain silent and to consult with an attorney, leading him to sign a written confession. Miranda was subsequently convicted based largely on that confession, prompting his defense team to appeal the verdict all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. In the landmark 1966 Miranda v. Arizona decision, the Court ruled that police must explicitly inform suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation, establishing the famous Miranda warning used today. Now, imagine being read the same script just for writing a small script on a public wall.